Invaders versus emerges
Understanding their different roles in phorid infestation for effective management
Mushroom phorid flies (Megaselia halterata) are a significant pest of button mushroom cultivation systems. The terms invader and emerger were first applied by Michael Wolfin and his associates at Penn State University to describe two critical stages in the mushroom phorid fly life cycle. Understanding these different stages is important for effective integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) and can be used to guide phorid control strategies.